A lathe is a machine that spins a block of metal in order to cut it, drill it, thread it, or shape a metal block using various cutting lathe tools.
Metal is removed from the workpiece using a hardened cutting tool which is usually fixed to a solid moveable mounting called the toolpost.
The toolpost is moved against the workpiece using handwheels and / or computer controlled motors. Cutting fluid may also be pumped to the cutting side to provide cooling lubrication and clearing of swarf from the workpiece.